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CBSE Class XII - Final Practice Paper 2026

Chemistry (Theory)

Max Marks: 70 | Time: 3 Hours

General Instructions:

Section A (Multiple Choice)
[1]1. Which of the following is most basic in the aqueous phase?
A) NH3   B) (CH3)2NH   C) (CH3)3N   D) CH3NH2
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B. (CH₃)₂NH (Due to combined inductive and solvation effects).
[1]2. Unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:
A) s-1   B) L mol-1s-1   C) mol L-1s-1   D) mol2L-2s-1
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C. mol L⁻¹s⁻¹
[1]3. Identification of primary amines is done by:
A) Lucas test   B) Carbylamine test   C) Tollens' test   D) Iodoform test
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B. Carbylamine test.
[1]4. Which of the following is a diamagnetic ion?
A) Sc3+   B) Ti3+   C) V3+   D) Cu2+
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A. Sc³⁺ (No unpaired electrons).
[1]5. In a first order reaction, the time required for 99.9% completion is:
A) 2 times t1/2   B) 5 times t1/2   C) 10 times t1/2   D) 100 times t1/2
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C. Approx 10 times the half-life.
[1]6. Which sugar is called "Invert Sugar"?
A) Glucose   B) Fructose   C) Sucrose   D) Maltose
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C. Sucrose.
[1]7. Correct IUPAC name of K3[Fe(CN)6] is:
A) Potassium hexacyanoiron(III)   B) Potassium hexacyanidomeferrate(III)   C) Potassium hexacyanidoferrate(III)   D) Hexacyanoferrate potassium
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C. Potassium hexacyanidoferrate(III).
[1]8. Lowering of vapour pressure is highest for:
A) 0.1 M Urea   B) 0.1 M Glucose   C) 0.1 M MgCl2   D) 0.1 M NaCl
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C. MgCl₂ (i=3, highest number of particles).
[1]9. Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
A) Glucose   B) Lactose   C) Maltose   D) Sucrose
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D. Sucrose.
[1]10. Primary structure of protein refers to:
A) Helical structure   B) Sequence of amino acids   C) Three dimensional folding   D) Sub-units
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B. Sequence of amino acids.
[1]11. Lanthanoid contraction is due to:
A) Poor shielding by 4f electrons   B) Great shielding by 4f   C) High nuclear charge   D) None
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A. Poor shielding of 4f electrons.
[1]12. Lucas test is used to distinguish:
A) Amines   B) Phenols   C) Alcohols   D) Acids
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C. Alcohols (1°, 2°, 3°).
[1]13. Reaction of RCHO with Fehling's solution gives:
A) Red ppt   B) Silver Mirror   C) White ppt   D) No reaction
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A. Red ppt (Cu₂O).
[1]14. Which is an ambidentate ligand?
A) H2O   B) NH3   C) NO2-   D) Cl-
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C. NO₂⁻ (Can bind via N or O).
[1]15. Coordination number of Co in [Co(en)3]3+ is:
A) 3   B) 6   C) 4   D) 2
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B. 6 (Ethylenediamine is bidentate).
[1]16. Fuel cells convert chemical energy of fuel into:
A) Heat   B) Sound   C) Electricity   D) Magnetic energy
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C. Electricity.
Section B (VSA - 2 Marks)
[2]17. State Henry’s Law and give its one application.
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p = KHx. Application: High altitude (anoxia) or deep sea diving.
[2]18. Why is Cu2+ colored while Zn2+ is colorless?
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Cu²⁺ has 3d⁹ configuration (unpaired electron, d-d transition possible). Zn²⁺ has 3d¹⁰ (fully filled, no d-d transition).
[2]19. How do you distinguish between Ethanol and Methanol?
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Iodoform Test: Ethanol gives yellow ppt. Methanol does not.
[2]20. Define Kohlrausch's Law of independent migration of ions.
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Limiting molar conductivity is the sum of individual contributions of cations and anions.
[2]21. Draw the structure of Zwitterion form of Amino Glycine.
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H₃N⁺-CH₂-COO⁻
Section C (SA - 3 Marks)
[3]22. A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% decomposition. Calculate t1/2.
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k = (2.303/40) * log(100/70) = 0.0089 min⁻¹. t½ = 0.693/k = 77.8 min.
[3]23. Explain (a) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction (b) Rosenmund reduction.
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(a) Alpha-halogenation of acids. (b) Acyl chloride to Aldehyde using H₂/Pd-BaSO₄.
[3]24. Explain the magnetic property and hybridization of [CoF6]3-. (Atomic No. of Co = 27)
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Hybridization: sp³d². Outer orbital complex, paramagnetic (High spin).
[3]25. Write the steps of SN1 mechanism with an example.
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Two steps: 1. Carbocation formation 2. Nucleophile attack. Racemization occurs.
[3]26. Why is boiling point of water increased when salt is added?
(a) Name the property. (b) Calculate the BP of 1M NaCl solution.
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(a) Elevation of boiling point (Colligative property). (b) Uses i=2 for NaCl in ΔTb = i*Kb*m.
[3]27. Give the chemical tests to distinguish: (a) Propanal and Propanone (b) Phenol and Benzoic acid.
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(a) Tollens' test (Propanal gives silver mirror). (b) NaHCO₃ test (Benzoic acid gives CO₂ effervescence).
[3]28. Account for the following:
(i) p-nitro phenol is more acidic than phenol.
(ii) Methylamine is more basic than ammonia.
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(i) -I and -R effect of nitro group stabilizes phenoxide ion. (ii) +I effect of methyl group increases electron density on N.
Section D (Case Based - 4 Marks)
[4]29. Case Study: Coordination Chemistry.

Werner proposed the concept of primary and secondary valence. In [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, Co is the central metal.

(i) What is the secondary valence of Co?
(ii) How many moles of AgCl will precipitate with 1 mole of this complex?
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(i) 6 (Coordination number). (ii) 3 moles (3 ionizable Cl ions).
[4]30. Case Study: Biomolecules (Carbohydrates).

Glucose is an aldohexose. On reduction with HI, it gives n-hexane. It exists in alpha and beta forms called anomers.

(i) What proves the straight chain structure of glucose?
(ii) Define Anomers.
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(i) Prolonged heating with HI giving n-hexane. (ii) Diastereomers differing at C1 carbon.
Section E (Long Answer - 5 Marks)
[5]31. (a) Derive the Nernst Equation for a single electrode.
(b) Calculate Ecell for: Mg | Mg2+(0.001M) || Cu2+(0.0001M) | Cu. (E°cell = 2.71 V)
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Ecell = E°cell - (0.059/2) * log([Mg²⁺]/[Cu²⁺]) = 2.71 - 0.0295 * log(10) = 2.68 V.
[5]32. (a) Write the chemical reactions for the following: (i) Reimer-Tiemann (ii) Williamson Synthesis.
(b) How is phenol converted to Aspirin?
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(b) Phenol → Salicylic acid (Kolbe's) → Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) via acetylation.
[5]33. (a) Explain Why: (i) H3PO3 is dibasic. (ii) Noble gases have low boiling points.
(b) Complete the reaction: XeF4 + H2O → ?
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(a)(i) Contains 2 P-OH bonds. (ii) Weak dispersion forces. (b) Gives Xe + XeO₃ + HF + O₂.