Mission 70/70 ❤️

Ultimate Rapid Revision for Class 12 Boards

💧 Solutions

Raoult's Law: Ideal vs Non-Ideal solutions (+ve and -ve deviations)
Colligative Properties: RLVP, Elevation of B.P., Depression of F.P., Osmotic Pressure.
Van't Hoff Factor (i): Abnormal molar mass. Remember: i = Obs/Calc

ΔTb = i * Kb * m
π = i * C * R * T

⚡ Electrochemistry

Nernst Equation: Calculate EMF exactly. Direct 3 mark numerical!
Kohlrausch Law: Molar conductivity at infinite dilution.
Faraday's Laws: Mass deposited = Z*I*t
Batteries: Lead storage battery recharge reactions.

E_cell = E°_cell - (0.0591/n) * log(Q)
ΔG° = -nFE°_cell

⏱️ Chemical Kinetics

Order & Molecularity: Differences and units of rate constant (k).
Zero & First Order: Integrated rate equations and Half-life (t1/2).
Arrhenius Equation: Effect of temp and catalyst on reaction rate.

First Order k = (2.303/t) * log[R0/R]
t1/2 = 0.693 / k

🏔️ d and f Block Elements

Transition Metals: Variable oxidation states, Formation of colored ions, complex compounds, catalytic properties.
Lanthanoid Contraction: Causes and consequences (Zr/Hf size similarity).
KMnO4 & K2Cr2O7: Preparation and oxidizing properties (Learn balanced ionic equations!)

🔗 Coordination Compounds

IUPAC Nomenclature: Guaranteed 1-2 marks.
VBT: Hybridization (sp³d² vs d²sp³), magnetic properties (paramagnetic vs diamagnetic).
CFT (Crystal Field Theory): Splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral/tetrahedral fields. Spectrochemical series.
Isomerism: Linkage, coordination, ionization, solvate, and stereoisomerism.

🔄 Sn1 vs Sn2 & Haloalkanes

Sn1: 3° > 2° > 1° (Carbocation). Racemization occurs.
Sn2: 1° > 2° > 3° (Steric hindrance). Inversion of configuration.
Name Reactions: Sandmeyer, Finkelstein, Swarts, Wurtz-Fittig.
Markovnikov's Rule vs Peroxide Effect (Anti-Markovnikov).

🍷 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers

Acidity: Phenol > Water > Alcohol. Effect of EWG (-NO2) and ERG (-CH3) on phenol acidity.
Name Reactions: Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann, Williamson ether synthesis.
Distinction Tests: Lucas test (1°, 2°, 3° alcohols).

🍋 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic

Tollens' & Fehling's Test: Guaranteed question. Aldehydes give positive, ketones negative.
Aldol Condensation: Alpha-H required.
Cannizzaro Reaction: No alpha-H required (HCHO, PhCHO).
Clemmensen & Wolff-Kishner reduction for C=O to CH2.
HVZ Reaction: Halogenation of carboxylic acids.

🐟 Amines

Basic Character: Order in aq vs gas phase. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
Tests: Carbylamine Test & Hinsberg Test.
Reactions: Hoffmann bromamide, Diazonium salts.

🧬 Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: Glucose structures, Anomers, Mutarotation.
Proteins: Denaturation, Peptide bonds, 1°/2° structures.
Nucleic Acids: DNA vs RNA, Vitamins (fat/water soluble).

Master All "Name Reactions" & "Distinction Tests" for 100% success!

Organic Chemistry makes up almost half the paper (33/70 marks).